Pakistans Synthesis Report on Urban Air Quality Management free essay sample

Pakistan Country Synthesis Report on Urban Air Quality Management Pakistan Discussion Draft, December 2006  © 2006 Asian Development Bank and the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia) Center. All rights held. Distributed 2006 by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Imprinted in the Philippines. ADB encouraged this examination through its Regional Technical Assistance 6291: Rolling Out Air Quality Management in Asia. The Study was driven by the CAI-Asia Secretariat and the data contained in this report was created by the CAI-Asia Secretariat with contributions by a scope of associations and air quality specialists from across Asia and somewhere else. The perspectives communicated in this report are those of the creators and don't really mirror the perspectives on ADB or its Board of Governors or the Governments they speak to. ADB doesn't ensure the precision of the information remembered for the distribution and acknowledges no duty regarding any result of their utilization. The term â€Å"country† doesn't suggest any judgment by ADB to the lawful or different status of any regional substance. Chapter by chapter list Tables and Figures Abbreviations Acknowledgments General Information Geography and Climate Population and Urbanization Economy and Industry Energy Transportation Sources of Air Pollution Status of Air Quality (State) Air Quality Monitoring System Air Quality Data Impacts of Air Pollution Air Quality Management Legal Basis and Mandate Ambient Air Quality Standards Management of Mobile Sources Management of Stationary Sources Management of Area Sources and Dust Public/Nongovernment Participation Conclusion References v vi 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 11 12 13 15 16 Tables, Figures, and Boxes Tables 3. 1 3. 2 4. 1 5. 1 5. 2 Hourly Average Ambient Concentrations of Air Pollutants in Pakistani Cities in 2000 Climatic Conditions for the Four Cycles Annual Costs of Health Impacts of Ambient Particulate Air Pollution (Billion Rs) Proposed Measures to Address Air Pollution in Pakistan in PCAP SO2 Ambient Air Quality Standards for Oil and Coal Power Plants and Corresponding Emissions Limits 5 6 8 10 1 Figure s 1. 1. 2 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3. 4 3. 5 Primary Energy Supplies in Pakistan by Source, 2004â€2005 Number of Registered Motor Vehicles in Pakistan 48-hour Mean of PM10 in Major Pakistani Cities 48-hour Mean of SO2 in Major Pakistani Cities NOx Levels in Major Pakistani Cities Ambient Levels of Nitrogen Dioxide in Di? erent Cities in Pakistan O3 Levels in Major Pakistani Cities 2 3 6 7 Box 5. 1 Lahore’s Initiatives to Improve Air Quality 11 Shortened forms ?g/m3 ADB AQ AQM Btu CAIâ€Asia CDG CNG CO CO2 ENERCON EPA FERTS GDP GEF IAEA IM JICA km km2 ktoe LPG MoE NEAP NGO NO2 NOx micrograms per cubic meter Asian Development Bank air quality air quality administration British warm unit Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities City District Governments packed gaseous petrol Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide National Energy Conservation Center Environmental Protection Agency Fuel E? iency in Road Transport Sector total national output Global Environment Facility International Atomic Energy Agency examination and upkeep Japan International Cooperation Agency kilometer square kilometer kilotons of oil equal lique? ed oil gas Ministry of Environment National Environmental Action Plan nongovernment association Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen oxide/s NWFP O3 PAH PCAP PEPC PM PM10 PM2. 5 ppb ppm RON SO2 SOx SPM SUPARCO toe TSP UNDP UNEP USEPA VOC Northâ€West Frontier Province Ozone olyaromatic hydrocarbons Pakistan Clean Air Program Pakis tan Environment Protection Council particulate issue particulate issue with a distance across not in excess of 10 microns particulate issue with a breadth not more than 2. 5 microns parts for every billion sections for each million Research Octane Number Sulfur dioxide Sulfur oxide/s Suspended Particulate Matter Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission huge amounts of oil identical complete suspended particulates United Nations Development Program United Nations Environment Program United States Environmental Protection Agency unpredictable natural mixes Note: â€Å"$† implies â€Å"US dollar† in this distribution. Affirmations This arrangement of nation reports is the ? rst time that a far reaching outline of urban air quality administration (AQM) at the nation level has been set up in Asia. Examination assemblage for this nation amalgamation report (CSR) on Urban Air Quality Management was driven by the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAIâ€Asia) Secretariat, with contributions by a scope of associations and air quality specialists from across Asia and somewhere else and encouraged by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) through its Regional Technical Assistance No. 291: Rolling Out Air Quality Management in Asia. The essential creators of the reports are Ms. Aurora Fe Ables, Ms. May Ajero, Mr. Herbert Fabian, and Ms. Ninette Ramirez, all from CAIâ€Asia, under the management of Mr. Cornie Huizenga, Head of Secretariat, CAIâ€Asia. The CSRs were set up with help from volunteer creators from the di? erent nati ons and encouraged by CAIâ€Asia nearby systems in Nepal (Clean Air Networkâ€Nepal), (Pakistan Clean Air Network), Philippines (Partnership for Clean Air [PCA]), the People’s Republic of China (PRC) (CAIâ€Asia Project O? e), Sri Lanka (Clean Air Sri Lanka), and Viet Nam (Viet Nam Clean Air Partnership). CAIâ€Asia nearby systems have likewise composed in the individual nations an improvement accomplices meeting on clean air where introductory drafts of the CSRs were introduced to neighborhood AQM partners. For the Pakistan Country Synthesis Report, CAIâ€Asia stretches out its sincerest gratitude to Director Zia Ul Islam of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency for evaluating the report and giving extra data. Mr. Mohammad Aqib, Coordinator of the Pakistan Clean Air Network; Mr. Ahmad Saeed of the World Conservation Union (IUCN); and Mr. Hassaan Ghazali, Research Analyst, Urban Unit of the Government of Punjab, have been instrumental in concocting a ? rst draft of the report and for giving extra data. CAIâ€Asia might want to express gratitude toward ADB for encouraging the examination, and particularly to Mr. Masami Tsuji, Senior Environment Specialist; Dr. David McCauley, Senior Environmental Economist; and Mr. Nessim Ahmad, Directorâ€all from the Environment and Social Safeguard Division, Regional and Sustainable Development Departmentâ€for giving direction. Ms. Glynda Bathan, Mr. Michael Co, Ms. Agatha Diaz, and Ms. Gianina Panopio of CAIâ€Asia are additionally recognized for their calculated and specialized help for the CSR group. CAIâ€Asia and the separate nation Ministries of Environments investigated the volumeâ€with specialized survey contributions from Prof. Blunt Murray of Murdoch University. Ms. Agnes Adre and Ms. Mama. Theresa Castillo copyedited this arrangement of nation reports. Mr. Segundo dela Cruz, Jr. taken care of the visual computerization and the format.  » Part One General Information Geography and Climate Pakistan is separated into four significant regions that by and large compare to the major land arrangements in the nation: the Northâ€West Frontier Province (NWFP) in the good countries up north circumscribing Afghanistan and the People’s Republic of China; the Balochistan Plateau; and Punjab and Sindh Provinces in the fields partitioned by the Indus River. These fields are the most fruitful and furthermore the most thickly populated region in Pakistan. The nation has a wide altitudinal variety spreading over various biological districts extending from beach front environments; deserts; ? odplains; and mountains, for example, the Himalayas and Hindu Kush ranges, covering a zone of 796,095 square kilometers (km2). The atmosphere is commonly parched, described by sweltering summers and cool winters, and wide varieties between boundaries of temperatures at given areas. Pakistan has four seasons, with temperatures going from 0 °C to 32 °C, which somewhat in? uence the deve lopment of air contaminations. Wind speed, which is fundamental for ? ushing air contamination, is low in its significant urban communities. In the dry and low wind days, characteristic residue and anthropogenic contamination sets aside longer effort to scatter (Pakistan EPA 2005). Karachi has an expected populace of 11. 97 million individuals, with a thickness of 3,394 people/km2, while Lahore has 6. 49 million individuals, with a thickness of 6,396 people/km2 in 2006. Karachi turned into the capital of Pakistan when the nation picked up freedom in 1947 and, subsequently, accomplished quicker paces of urbanization contrasted with different urban areas. The port of Karachi and the close by port of Qasim have significantly added to the development of the city and its economy. Karachi is considered as the ? nancial focus of Pakistan (Wikipedia 2006b,c). With quick development and the grouping of exercises and interests in Karachi, the Government wanted to set up another capital where government offices and capacity can be concentrated. In 1960, the capital was moved to Islamabad, which is found quickly north of Rawalpindi. Urban development in Islamabad was delayed at ? rst, however started to get when all the significant government structures were worked during the 1980s. Islamabad’s nearness to Rawalpindi (around 5 kilometers [km]) has brought about solid linkages among its urban administrations and a bigger conurbation. Economy and Industry Pakistan’s economy developed, from 2002 to 2004, because of changes in government strategies and the resumption of global loaning. The country’s total national output (GDP) accomplished record development rates, joined by light degrees of venture and economical ? scal balances. Its GDP development rate has expanded, from a low of 1. 9% in 2001, to a high of 8. 4% in 2005 (ADB 2006). Pakistan is considered as one of the quickest developing economies in

Eagle Boys Pizza Report Essay Example for Free

Bird Boys Pizza Report Essay Established by a youthful bread cook in his mum’s carport in 1987, Eagle Boys currently works in excess of 335 stores all through all conditions of Australia. It is 100% Australian possessed and worked and conveys pizzas to hungry families across Australia from metropolitan downtown zones to little remote towns. With more than 8,000 colleagues broadly, Eagle Boys makes just shy of 18 million pizzas every year and produces a yearly turnover of more than $200 million. Concentrated on conveying genuine taste, genuine size and genuine incentive to pizza darlings across Australia, Eagle Boys is client centered and persistently inspects approaches to improve its consumer loyalty and administration. Bird Boys guarantees pizza sweethearts across Australia get scrumptious suppers and remarkable help each time via preparing its establishments to submit 110% to customers’ fulfillment. Clarification of its lawful structure Eagle Boys pizza is a Proprietary organization, implying that it is private. The investors of Eagle Boys Pizza Pty Ltd, have constrained obligation insurance, which implies that the most cash they can lose is the sum they paid for their offers. Falcon Boys started as a privately-run company, as it was established by Tom Potter and his mum in 1989. It is a fused business, implying that the business is a different lawful element from the proprietors. This permitted the business to be sold and still be worked, in 2007 to Todd Clayton who is currently the CEO and overseeing chief of Eagle Boys Pizza. The way that it is a different lawful substance, permits the organization to sue, be sued, purchase or sell property and furthermore have ceaseless progression. Distinguishing proof of the present phase of the business life cycle the business is at present in and give explanations behind your perspectives Eagle Boys pizza is right now at the development phase of the business cycle. Its will probably keep up benefits at previous levels. As of late, in February 2011, Eagle Boys reacted to the developing advancement of Australians’ pizza sense of taste by divulging its new Gourmet Pizza Range including fixings, for example, Roasted Potato, Salmon Steaks and Tandoori Chicken. Hawk Boys is additionally the main Australian pizza creator to offer Ready 2 Go! â„ ¢, which permits clients to get their hands on a portion of their preferred pizzas without calling heretofore or holding up between 5. 30pm and 8pm every day. Since Eagle Boys was bought by private value firm NBC Capital and the present official group in 2007, Network store numbers have developed by 63% which is the most elevated time of development in the company’s 24-year history. Hawk Boys saw deals grow 15. 4% during the a year up to June 2010, bringing all out deals development during the previous three years to 43. 2%. The organization anticipates that the solid twofold digit development should proceed with the opening of extra stores and the dispatch of new items. ID of one business law and one administrative body according to this business †clarify how this business goes along A case of a business law of the Eagle Boys pizza is a security law. Falcon Boys is dependent upon Privacy Legislation, including the National Privacy Principles (NPPs) under the Privacy Act 1988, The Privacy and Personal Information Protection Act (1988) and legally binding necessities identifying with Privacy in accordance with various State and Territory Government License Agreements. Hawk Boys Pizza consents to this law by gathering data by either indicating or leaving the explanation alone clear at the time the data is gathered. It isn't Eagle Boys’ general practice to gather touchy data and they will just gather delicate data with the people assent. An administrative body that Eagle Boys Pizza consents to is the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Bird Boys applied for notice of lead whereby it would give establishments on condition that franchisees procure products and enterprises from indicated providers. That notice was held up on 13 August 2009 and permitted to remain on 21 September 2009. Bird Boys agrees by guaranteeing item security and risk and doesn't give any bogus or misdirecting promoting. Distinguishing proof of two huge difficulties for the board in the business life cycle †one test the executives has looked preceding 2011 and one they will look later on (guarantee you state which phase of the existence cycle the business experienced/will encounter this test) A critical test that Eagle Boys pizza the board has looked before 2011 is reacting to the developing measure of various pizza organizations, in rivalry with Eagle Boys, and the need to present new ranges and assortments of items to fulfill the necessities of customers. They had been tested to present new items, for example, gourmet pizzas, treats, and sides, for example, pastas, chicken wings, garlic bread and so forth. This test was experienced during the development phase of the business cycle. A noteworthy test that Eagle Boys pizza the board will look later on is decrease, in the Recession phase of the business life cycle. As the business would have been running for some time now, it will have become a high-hazard business. Items may get out of date, leaving the business with unsold stock. Another factor affecting decrease is very much qualified workers starting to leave and look for better openings for work. Because of the progressing presentation of new organizations in a similar field, Eagle Boys will be influenced by purchasers done purchasing the organizations items, bringing about an enormous imprint in the income. Subsequently, benefits will likewise decrease. Distinguishing proof of the business ecological impacts, both inside and outside, that have affected upon this business Internal natural impacts that have affected Eagle Boys Pizza incorporate item impacts, for example, the scope of menus that it gives just as administrations gave. E. g. Conveyance administrations. Area impacts likewise largy affect the business. The area of establishments is imperative as a prime area implies the business will draw in higher quantities of clients as it is helpful and noticeable. The vicinity to clients, providers and bolster administrations is additionally fundamental in deciding the area of the business. Another inside impact is assets. Representatives, being the primary advantage for the business are a critical asset. Other significant assets incorporate cooking and overhauling hardware and apparatus just as crude materials that permit the business to make and sell their items. The executives impacts control the laborers and help to give an increasingly sorted out structure and simple method of correspondence and co-activity. Outside natural impacts that have affected Eagle Boys Pizza incorporate Legal impacts, for example, expanding lawful commitments and business prerequisites. Political and institutional impacts incorporate tax assessment, worker superannuation, endorsement of new turn of events and adjustment applications. These impacts strongly affect how and where the business is run. Another outside impact is money related impacts. Monetary impacts make changes in the money related market which can cause chance for the business. Topographical impacts vigorously sway the open doors for the business. Segment factors, for example, populace, age, and salary control the prevalence of the business. Clarification and basic investigations of how the board has reacted to the above scope of difficulties and impacts The primary Eagle Boys Pizza opened in Albury, New South Wales. Falcon Boys promoted their items as semi-gourmet pizzas that very extraordinary to the bigger chains, yet less expensive because of the high creation yield. This fruitful thought got on, and the principal store in Albury was rapidly making a liberal benefit. Inside not exactly a year, Eagle Boys opened up two additional stores in the neighboring urban communities of Wagga and Dubbo. As the organization supported its development, it put a great deal of vitality into looking into approaches to fulfill customer needs in various locales. With amasses up in provincial, rural and urban regions all through Australia, the organization turned out to be well known because of working in territories that other enormous inexpensive food organizations would regularly overlook. One especially effective store model was the improvement of a drive-through pizza store in 1999, an idea which was unfathomable at that point. Australia’s first drive-through pizza store showed to be tremendously well known, as it was simple and helpful. Developing this fast pizza conveyance framework, the organization propelled the Eagle Boys Pizza Express Store not long after, which was intended to offer brisk support pizza out of a little area in exceptionally populated pedestrian activity zones. This express framework end up being famous, and new areas began to jump up at air terminals, shopping centers and walker shopping centers around the nation. Numerous areas were currently producing up to forty precent of their deals. As the organization began to encounter expanded rivalry, it needed to plan something for separate its express pizza administration from different organizations offering comparative items. Hawk Boys in the end built up a well known branch menu for Eagle Express stores: â€Å"Ready, Fresh Go! † in 2008. This thought implied that while it is an expedited service framework, the pizzas are made new and held in uniquely structured moderate cook stoves that guarantee their newness. The company’s devotion to research and reaction to shopper patterns and the advancement of new, quality items quality deduced in the biggest reorganization of the Eagle Boys menu in its history. Propelled in mid 2010, the new menu included an assortment of new things. Aside from new pizzas, new things, for example, a chocolate fudge mousse dessert, pasta dishes, extra side dishes and beverages were presented. Clients have reacted with a reverberating fulfillment, and all through 2010 Eagle Boys delighted in probably the greatest increment in

How to Write a Successful Essay on Finance Topics

How to Write a Successful Essay on Finance TopicsIf you are a senior, you probably will find it hard to focus your essay on finance topics. However, this does not mean that you cannot discuss these subjects in your paper.Finance is about various things. It includes investment, money management, and financial planning. The information in this subject matter can be easy to understand. But it is often not that easy to make the ideas coherent into a compelling essay.One way to overcome this problem is to spend some time in preparation before the writing of the essay or taking the study session, preparing the topic beforehand so that you would be fully prepared for the learning process. By writing this before, you would be able to understand all the points before writing the essay. This would help in avoiding any flaws in your topic.In addition, this can also help you understand the things being discussed better as you learn and gain information. Besides, it will not be very difficult to write a good essay if you already know the information. Writing the topic beforehand, makes the information easier to understand.Before starting to write the essay, gather the information of the potential topic and the major points that you would like to discuss. You can also look for online resources. Then, make sure you have an outline of the main idea you want to promote.After you have decided on the points you would like to cover, write down all the points and make sure you have the accurate ones. For instance, you should not leave out the basics such as interest rates, investment charges, terms of agreement, tax breaks, expenses, percentage of return, etc. All these points need to be included in your essay. After all the points have been listed and clear, you can proceed to the writing.One important point to remember is that if you want to be successful in getting a good grade in your essay, you should avoid using unnecessary words. Do not use slang terms for the technical term s used in the subject matter. And you should be careful about the spelling of grammar and other punctuation marks.While your subject is usually about the market, you should not discuss the prices of products or services in a real-life manner. However, you can add in a little bit of your own knowledge about the subject matter to make it look like you really know what you are talking about.

The Ladys Dressing Room and A Modest Proposal Essay

In Jonathan Swift’s, The Lady’s Dressing Room and A Modest Proposal, Swift implements a satirical persona of identities, may it be, a concerned economist who suggests that children be traded as food to the wealthy in order to elevate the public good within society or a distraught man in the midst of a lady’s dressing room rationalizing a woman’s moral appearance, Swifts satirical personality lies within the persona of the sympathetic-cruelties of his own moral society and opinions. Throughout both texts, Swift’s arguments and satirical claims are both supported throughout the methods and techniques of metaphorical language, irony, structure and imagery. Swift satirizes these techniques within the irony of both these texts as he is able to†¦show more content†¦He also describes the false notion of her beauty as he not tell the rest, as he states, In such case few words are best, and Strephon bids guess the rest; But swears how damnably the m en lie, In calling Celia sweet and cleanly,† (Swift 2590, 15-18). The tone that Swift sets within the poem, also suggests that this kind of manner from a woman is simply immoral. Throughout the poem, Swift also sets the tone as a structure of contempt, which produces a judgmental signal to the readers, as he states, â€Å"All varnished o’er with snuff and snot, The stockings why should I expose, Stained with the marks of stinking toes, Or greasy coifs and pinners reeking, Which Celia slept at least a week in?† (Swift 2591, 50-4). Swift sets the persona that women wear garments that are filthy. With this approach, Swift is able to effectively get his arguments across effectively. Swift’s insight into the lady’s dressing room instantly and effectively skews the persona of woman within the reader’s frame of mind. The use of metaphors are also clear and revealed throughout the last lines of the poem as Strephon discovers the chest, â€Å"Pandora’s Box,† as it offers the reader another representation of Celia’s disgusted manners in a different light; but even before Strephon opens the chest, the reader already knowsShow MoreRelatedEssay about A Swift Change Is Imminent1714 Words   |  7 PagesAt a first glance, a misogynist’s paradise is apparent when perceiving Jonathan Swift’s The Lady’s Dressing Room and a cannibalistic one in A Modest Proposal. However, Swift’s intricate feelings do not depict Ireland’s crude social convention, but rather for Swift’s revolutionary vitriolic satire, which permeates humanity’s blindness through political stand points. By using grotesque metaphors, to open the figurative eyes of the public, Swift’s poetry forced society to analyze the ways of living

The Small Business Plan For A Cup Cake And Ice Cream Parlor

Introduction Small business can be maintained by individual or partners by investing their shares in business. The capital for small business is not very high to attain wide edges in market. As compare to medium scale and high scale business financing, small scale business has to accommodate its business operations within limited amount of capital. Owner of small business find it difficult to manage day to day operations of business and customers demand due to limited capability of the business to attain the resources for its operations. However, solid business strategy makes the company able to provide strong premises to sustain the business in the market and attain competitive edge over others. In this paper, we study the small business plan for a cup cake and ice-cream parlor and create an outline of financial plan for the new business. The paper also guerrilla marketing strategy for business and the most appropriate location will also be discussed for second store. 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Utopia within a Click - 1091 Words

Deakins perspective that fantasy is the alternative justification to approach human complexity relationship affects our youth a Utopia - a perfect society can be within our grasp just by one click; to sever all the absurdity of this illusionary world were living in. As its guarantee were all will be reborn in a new identity: a place where our voice will be heard, unlimited access to information about the past, the present, and the future. In facts, a place where were all have a free access to boundlessness provoking thought to further our thirst of knowledge’s and free our mind from the devastating burdens of student loans. Furthermore, society where we don’t have to deal with segregation of social class statues will vanish in the blink of an eye. Of course, everything has its own price to pay. 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Analysis of Coca Cola Company

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Coca Cola Company. Answer: Introduction Organizations that provide goods and services always engage in market research to identify the existing gaps in the market that needs to be filled .Introduction of new products in the market is a result of extensive market research. However before introducing a new product in the market certain deliberations have to be considered. A marketing plan has to be designed. The marketing plan specifies the specifications of the new product, its target market, methods of [promotion, budget opportunities and threats in the market among others. Situational Analysis Coca Cola Company deals with non-alcoholic carbonated beverages .It was founded in the year 1886 in Georgia, Atlanta United states of America. Introduction of new products into the market by the company has enabled it to emerge as the most dominant soft drink Company compared to all other Companies all over the world. Adoption of better tactics and strategies has been attributed to this trend. Product innovation has enabled the company to spread its market to over 200 countries throughout the world and enabled it to record over 1.8 billion sales every single day (Reid Bojanic, 2010). Coca Cola Zero is among other multiple products that the company produces. I was specifically designed to meet certain consumer needs which had not been met in the previous years by other companys brands specifically because it contains zero grams of sugar and zero grams of calories. There are a number of other competitors engaged in the same product diversification, among them PepsiCo and Monster beverage Corp. All these among others are fighting to have a larger market share within the beverage industry which has recorded significant growth in the recent past. It can therefore be said that the number of players in the market are many and the nature of competition is stiff (Ramaswamy Namakumari, 2009). However irrespective of this competition , Coca cola still has the opportunity of introducing its new product to all the countries in which it operates and venture into other countries in which it has not yet opened its doors. Marketing strategy Marketing strategy is a combination of all organizations goals in a single comprehensive plan. For sustainability and profit maximization purposes, an organization should base its marketing strategy on market research with emphasis being on the product mix (Panda, 2008). Target market Producers come up with new products with aim of meeting certain identified needs in the market .The target market constitute the people that the company intends to sell its products to (Malaval,Be?naroya Aflalo,2014). The target market for the new product will be teenage males. The product is an alternative to diet coke which many people had largely linked to women. This new product is meant to bring back male superiority by being identified as male drink. Market segmentation Producers often divide their markets into segments that are definable and measurable. Here potential buyers are classified into segments depending on their common needs. Targeting a specific market can save an organization from advertising costs as well as other costs that can be incurred as a result of offering their products to mass markets (Kotler, 2012). Coca Cola Company is the largest producer, marketer and distributor of soft non alcoholic beverages in the world. This means that its operations are distributed all over the world. For this new product, a new multisegment targeting strategy will be employed. This will involve the use of multiple market segments that will be well defined. A marketing mix for each of these segments will then be developed. Demographic characteristics of customers Each customer or segment of customers is defined by the special attributes that they possess. These particular traits that define a particular market segment are referred to as demographic characteristics. This particular product will be suitable for male teens who want the taste but not calories, irrespective of their marital status, race or color, Economic background or level of education (Kazmi,2007). Geographic characteristics of customers Each customer has his or her geographical location where they can be found. Location can determine accessibility or inaccessibility of a customer .Target customer for this product will basically be those from the countries in which the company operates. The product will then reach out to other geographical locations with time. Psychographic characteristics of customers Different customers usually have different personalities, attributes, lifestyles, interests as well as personal values. Such customers need to have products tailored towards their attributes. This new product will be designed to go along with the psychographic characteristics of the consumers. Segmentation of the market based on psychographic characteristics will enable the company to lay particular focus on meeting the needs of such customers. Buying situation Consumers usually make different buying decisions which might not be similar to those made previously Buying situation refers to the circumstances surrounding a particular purchase made by a consumer in terms of the consumer previous experience regarding that particular product as well as the availability of its vendors. Buying situation is also linked to the amount of effort taken by the consumer in order to make that particular decision (Jayachandran, 2014). The selected segments for product will be teens aged between 12 and 19 years. These segments will be distributed in different regions, in different countries. Marketing strategies for this product will focus on appealing to people within this age bracket irrespective of where they are located geographically. Strengths of the target market A market composed of teens can be very valuable. This because teens can easily influence what parents as well as other teens can buy. This is likely to create a demand for the coke zero products by other teens as well as other products from the company by their (Teens) parents Teens are also known to be great consumers of information from different types of media. Because of their affinity to social media, teens are likely top be reached by information concerning products more than people belonging to other age groups. While dealing with teens, advertisement costs can be significantly reduced because of the use of modern types of advertisements such as placing ads on disks commonly purchased by teens (Govindarajan, 2009). This is unlike the traditional methods of advertisements for the older generations. Weaknesses of the target market The major drawback for this target is financial challenges. It is clear that most of the people within this bracket are either in school or unemployed .This will mean that they might not have the money to buy products. This will affect the overall demand for the products Goals and objectives There a number of goals that will need to be met .These will be designed to help maintain a high level of focus in the organization as well as act as a motivating factor for the people at the center of the new product. The success of the new product or its impact in the market will be analyzed by evaluation of the goals and objectives that were initially set. These will be made public during the day of the launch of the new product. They include: To sell one million units of coke zero during the first month of launching Identify 0.5 million new prospects after launching the new product Address all issues raised regarding the new product within the a maximum of 24 hours in the first month of the product launch in the market Marketing Tactics Product Development Coca Cola Company clearly understands the importance of providing affordable but high quality products in order to meet the needs of its growing number of consumers. Sufficient amount of resources will also be set aside for continuous research in order to facilitate continuous development of high quality products for consumption by its customers. Product Branding Branding refers to a collection of attributes that the consumers expect from a product which has the possibility of influencing their willingness to purchase. In a market where profitability is highly dependent on repeated and continuous purchase, branding is an important factor in determining the success of products (Aaker, 2014). There are common attributes that distinguish Coca Cola products from products produced by other companies. Among these is cokes unique taste and color. Labeling of coke zero with normal coca cola colors will make the brand to be easily identified by customers. The product is expected to be a strong brand not only in the United States of America but also other countries as well. A brand name promises consumers certain benefits such as value for their money as well as quality. Branding is a form of marketing strategy in itself because it takes a period of time to gain consumers trust and approval of a certain product. Once this trust has been developed, sale s of the product are assured as consumers are willing to buy that commodity due to the continued trust they have on that brand to meet their needs. Branding will be aimed at making the product attractive to the eyes of consumers. Product packaging A right product but wrongly packaged can be a disastrous move for an organization. This is basically because people tend to buy what they see not what they dont see. Because of this reason, product packaging plays a significant role in product promotion. The packaging of a product says a lot about it and at times it usually determines the amount of sales for the product. A product that is well packaged will be preferred over poorly packaged products. Initially, the product will be packaged in 350 0ml attractive cans to be distributed to all outlets all over the world. Price Price plays a very important role in determining the success of a new product. Price usually refers to the amount of money that consumers will have to sacrifice in order to acquire a certain product (Applegate Johnson, 2007). Price for the new product will be reasonably affordable for many people within different regions. Setting fair prices will enable the product to move fast hence increasing the volume of goods sold. However price for goods and service is determined by a number of factors among them the cost incurred in the production process as well as cost of raw materials and labor and finally prices set by competitors. All these factors are going to be put into considerations to ensure that the products price will be the best in the market. Distribution Distribution is the process of moving a product from its point of production to their point of consumption. ie where consumers need them .Distribution provides utility for a good basically because if it is produced and kept by the producer its purpose will not be achieved. The company will ensure a continuous distribution of the products to all consumer outlets at the lowest cost possible so that the price cannot be affected. Promotion Communication regarding the existence of certain products in the market is quite important. Consumers need to be constantly told and reminded of the existence of products to keep their interests high. Promotion is therefore the process of creating awareness about the existence of certain goods and services. Promotion can be carried out in a number of ways. Internet In the modern world, the internet has become a very important tool for advertising. Many businesses have taken advantage of the increased usage of the internet to market their goods and services through offering information via the internet. Any business that has a desire of growing beyond its geographical region has no option but to adopt the use of the internet. All businesses should take advantage of this tool let the world know about their products and services. With increased computer literacy in many countries of the world, the internet is an effective way of marketing for business (Brown, 2012). The company will use its website coca-cola.co.za to let the world know about this new product. Basically all the information about the product will be provided here so consumers can easily access it. Television Television has been seen as the most conventional method of passing information to a large number of people. Thousands of companies pay media houses to have adverts about their products aired on television. Coca-cola company has used Television to advertise its products for a long time with the most recent advert being the Taste the feeling advert The company will also use television in order to reach large audiences. Television can be a very effective tool to reach out to teens because they form the dominant group in as much as watching television is concerned. I n this time and age, television sets are relatively cheap thus accessible to many people and therefore this is quite an effective way of advertising the product ( Marshall Johnston, 2009). Outdoor media Coca cola has engaged itself in games by sponsoring many sporting activities over the years. This has enabled the company to maintain the longest relationship with the sporting community It has partnered with other players in the industry to keep Olympic fans entertained. During such events free drinks from the company are given to the participants and attendees. This can be an excellent tool for marketing its products .The company can also use the same strategy to create awareness about its new product. Thus this can be a very good strategy for establishing and maintaining a remarkable relationship between the product and consumers (Clow Baack, 2012). Print media This is another strategy that the company can use to create awareness about it new product. Because the product is mostly targeted to teenagers, the company can result to placing their adverts on teenagers magazines to enable the information to diffuse easily. They can also place them on sport magazines or celebrity magazines which are all very familiar with teenagers. Financial projections Activity Cost Rationale Advertising USD 3,500,000 With a good budget it can be possible to prepare good adverts and use them in different media in different locations Ongoing online interactions USD 130,000 For accounts and payments to employees involved in the online interactions with customers Launch Party USD 25,000 It will also be important to promote the new product Implementation Controls Implementation control is a process designed to ensure the achievement of certain objectives during marketing plan implementation. For the process to be carried out satisfactorily the top management should be available to offer overall leadership for the implementation. There should also be effective coordination within the organization .Apart from that there should also be effective vertical and horizontal communication. For effective controls values of indicators must be set, these are values which can be observed and measured on regular basis. Control values such as the sales volume can provide a snapshot on how effective or ineffective the process is being implemented. It can also be done through comparing actual values and the planned values. The difference between the two can be used in decision making (Arun kumar Meenakshi, 2011). Conclusion Based on the above analysis its is important to ensure that the target market is identified and appropriate strategies for reaching that market put in place. Basically, different target markets require different marketing techniques. This should be identified beforehand. Additionally the market fro the new product should be segmented to save on advertising costs that would have been spent in reaching to the larger market. The budget for the plan should also be reasonable to avoid affecting the price of the new product References Aaker, D. A. (2014). 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